Tissue & Sensing
Sensing modeled on skin.
Multi-layered surfaces that detect touch and pressure, layer by layer as in the original. Here you learn how they are built and what they can do.
Key points
Feeling is more than measuring.
Skin is our largest sense organ. It captures not only that something is touched, but also where, how hard and how the contact changes. This very resolution is what we want to achieve technically.
Areal instead of point-wise
Many measuring points are spread over the area and together form a picture of the touch.
Layered instead of one-piece
Each layer has its own task: making contact, bundling signals, carrying the structure.
Connected instead of isolated
The signals flow directly into perception and learning and do not stay on their own.
Skin as a model
The skin as a blueprint.
Skin consists of three main layers. Our structure follows this arrangement.
Structure
Three layers in detail.
Pick a layer and see what it does.
Get in touch
The outer layer is the first contact with the surroundings. It takes up touch and pressure and passes them on to the layer beneath.
- Finely resolved detection
- Robust against everyday load
- Areal instead of point-wise
Gathering stimuli
The measuring points are located here. They register where and how hard contact occurs and combine the single signals into one picture.
- Many measuring points per area
- Signals are gathered and passed on
- A coherent picture of touch
Giving support
The base gives the structure its form and connects the sensing to the overall system. It is modeled on the subcutis: holding and connecting.
- Stable structure
- Connection to the overall system
- Connects the layers with each other
From stimulus to signal
What happens in a touch.
Between contact and understanding lie five stations.
Contact
The surface takes up touch and pressure.
Detect
Measuring points register where and how hard the contact is.
Gather
The signal layer combines the single signals.
Pass on
The signal goes to the overall system.
Classify
AI classifies the touch in context and learns from it.
Model in detail
Four ways of feeling.
Skin holds different sensory cells, each specialized in something different. Pick one and see what we derive from it.
Resolving finely
Merkel cells. Close to the surface, receptors report sustained pressure and fine detail, such as the edge of an object. Their fields are small, so the resolution is high.
- Closely spaced measuring points on the surface that resolve the shape and pressure of a contact finely.
Watching for change
Meissner corpuscles. They respond to light brushing and to changes. If the stimulus stays the same, they go quiet. So they mainly report that something is happening.
- Event-based sensing: signals arise when the contact changes, and not in every cycle.
Reacting fast
Pacinian corpuscles. Deeper in the skin sit receptors that feel fast vibrations, for example when a tool slides over a surface or something begins to slip.
- Fast feedback. We study how early signals can be used for reactions in real time.
Feeling deformation
Ruffini endings. They respond when the skin stretches, for example at fingers and joints. That is how the body knows how the hand is currently shaped.
- Soft, stretchable sensing that also detects how the surface itself deforms.
Simplified illustration. The scientific literature describes further receptor types.
Possibilities
What tissue sensing makes possible.
Everywhere technology is meant to feel contact instead of just measuring distances.
Detecting touch
Fine differences in contact and pressure are captured across an area, not just at a single point.
Capturing the surroundings
Touch provides information on the shape, surface and position of things that cannot be seen.
Staying robust
The multi-layered structure is designed for lasting use and distributes load across several levels.
Linking
The signals flow into perception and learning so that a whole picture arises from single impressions.
Principles
Four design principles.
Multi-layered
A touch is not processed in one step. Taking up, gathering and carrying are separate tasks, each handled by its own layer. This keeps the structure clear and improves the resolution.
Areal
Instead of single sensors, the structure covers an area with many measuring points. This creates a picture of the touch: where is the contact, how large is it and how does it change?
Bioinspired, not copied
We adopt the functional principle of skin, that is the arrangement into layers with different tasks, and implement it with technical means. We do not copy skin.
Developed together
Sensing, perception and movement do not arise separately here. Biologists and engineers define the structure together so that the signals can later be used optimally in the overall system.
Interplay
Touch is one sense of several.
Only together with perception and movement does an overall system arise: the sensing feels, the AI classifies and the drives react.
Questions
Frequently asked questions about Tissue & Sensing.
What is tissue sensing at Eyroq?
These are multi-layered surfaces modeled on skin that detect touch and pressure and pass the signals on to the overall system.
Why is skin the model?
Skin is a very capable sense organ. It captures contact finely resolved over a large area and is robust at the same time. Its structure of three layers with their own tasks is a proven principle.
How is it built?
It consists of three layers: a surface that takes up touch and pressure, a signal layer that gathers and passes on stimuli, and a carrier layer that gives support and connects the system.
What can the sensing capture?
Touch and pressure, across an area and finely resolved. The signals are prepared so that they can be used further in perception and learning.
How does this relate to AI?
The signals from the sensing are a basis for embodied AI. It classifies touch in context and learns from experience. More on this on the Biology & AI page.
How are the results validated?
We check internally, and in 2026 the results will be tested independently at leading universities.
How can I find out more or work together?
Write to us at info@eyroq.com and briefly describe your request. We will get back to you.
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